Hướng dẫn: Xử lý Concurrency (đồng thời) - ASP.NET MVC với EF Core

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;

namespace ContosoUniversity.Models
{
    public class Department
    {
        public int DepartmentID { get; set; }

        [StringLength(50, MinimumLength = 3)]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [DataType(DataType.Currency)]
        [Column(TypeName = "money")]
        public decimal Budget { get; set; }

        [DataType(DataType.Date)]
        [DisplayFormat(DataFormatString = "{0:yyyy-MM-dd}", ApplyFormatInEditMode = true)]
        [Display(Name = "Start Date")]
        public DateTime StartDate { get; set; }

        public int? InstructorID { get; set; }

        [Timestamp]
        public byte[] RowVersion { get; set; }

        public Instructor Administrator { get; set; }
        public ICollection<Course> Courses { get; set; }
    }
}

modelBuilder.Entity<Department>()
    .Property(p => p.RowVersion).IsRowVersion();

dotnet ef migrations add RowVersion

dotnet ef database update

ViewData["InstructorID"] = new SelectList(_context.Instructors, "ID", "FullName", department.InstructorID);

@model IEnumerable<ContosoUniversity.Models.Department>

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Departments";
}

<h2>Departments</h2>

<p>
    <a asp-action="Create">Create New</a>
</p>
<table class="table">
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>
                @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Name)
            </th>
            <th>
                @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Budget)
            </th>
            <th>
                @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.StartDate)
            </th>
            <th>
                @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Administrator)
            </th>
            <th></th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        @foreach (var item in Model)
        {
            <tr>
                <td>
                    @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Name)
                </td>
                <td>
                    @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Budget)
                </td>
                <td>
                    @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.StartDate)
                </td>
                <td>
                    @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Administrator.FullName)
                </td>
                <td>
                    <a asp-action="Edit" asp-route-id="@item.DepartmentID">Edit</a> |
                    <a asp-action="Details" asp-route-id="@item.DepartmentID">Details</a> |
                    <a asp-action="Delete" asp-route-id="@item.DepartmentID">Delete</a>
                </td>
            </tr>
        }
    </tbody>
</table>

var department = await _context.Departments
    .Include(d => d.Administrator)
    .AsNoTracking()
    .FirstOrDefaultAsync(m => m.DepartmentID == id);

[HttpPost]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<IActionResult> Edit(int? id, byte[] rowVersion)
{
    if (id == null)
    {
        return NotFound();
    }

    var departmentToUpdate = await _context.Departments.Include(d => d.Administrator).FirstOrDefaultAsync(m => m.DepartmentID == id);

    if (departmentToUpdate == null)
    {
        Department deletedDepartment = new Department();
        await TryUpdateModelAsync(deletedDepartment);
        ModelState.AddModelError(string.Empty,
            "Unable to save changes. The department was deleted by another user.");
        ViewData["InstructorID"] = new SelectList(_context.Instructors, "ID", "FullName", deletedDepartment.InstructorID);
        return View(deletedDepartment);
    }

    _context.Entry(departmentToUpdate).Property("RowVersion").OriginalValue = rowVersion;

    if (await TryUpdateModelAsync<Department>(
        departmentToUpdate,
        "",
        s => s.Name, s => s.StartDate, s => s.Budget, s => s.InstructorID))
    {
        try
        {
            await _context.SaveChangesAsync();
            return RedirectToAction(nameof(Index));
        }
        catch (DbUpdateConcurrencyException ex)
        {
            var exceptionEntry = ex.Entries.Single();
            var clientValues = (Department)exceptionEntry.Entity;
            var databaseEntry = exceptionEntry.GetDatabaseValues();
            if (databaseEntry == null)
            {
                ModelState.AddModelError(string.Empty,
                    "Unable to save changes. The department was deleted by another user.");
            }
            else
            {
                var databaseValues = (Department)databaseEntry.ToObject();

                if (databaseValues.Name != clientValues.Name)
                {
                    ModelState.AddModelError("Name", $"Current value: {databaseValues.Name}");
                }
                if (databaseValues.Budget != clientValues.Budget)
                {
                    ModelState.AddModelError("Budget", $"Current value: {databaseValues.Budget:c}");
                }
                if (databaseValues.StartDate != clientValues.StartDate)
                {
                    ModelState.AddModelError("StartDate", $"Current value: {databaseValues.StartDate:d}");
                }
                if (databaseValues.InstructorID != clientValues.InstructorID)
                {
                    Instructor databaseInstructor = await _context.Instructors.FirstOrDefaultAsync(i => i.ID == databaseValues.InstructorID);
                    ModelState.AddModelError("InstructorID", $"Current value: {databaseInstructor?.FullName}");
                }

                ModelState.AddModelError(string.Empty, "The record you attempted to edit "
                        + "was modified by another user after you got the original value. The "
                        + "edit operation was canceled and the current values in the database "
                        + "have been displayed. If you still want to edit this record, click "
                        + "the Save button again. Otherwise click the Back to List hyperlink.");
                departmentToUpdate.RowVersion = (byte[])databaseValues.RowVersion;
                ModelState.Remove("RowVersion");
            }
        }
    }
    ViewData["InstructorID"] = new SelectList(_context.Instructors, "ID", "FullName", departmentToUpdate.InstructorID);
    return View(departmentToUpdate);
}

_context.Entry(departmentToUpdate).Property("RowVersion").OriginalValue = rowVersion;

departmentToUpdate.RowVersion = (byte[])databaseValues.RowVersion;
ModelState.Remove("RowVersion");

@model ContosoUniversity.Models.Department

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Edit";
}

<h2>Edit</h2>

<h4>Department</h4>
<hr />
<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">
        <form asp-action="Edit">
            <div asp-validation-summary="ModelOnly" class="text-danger"></div>
            <input type="hidden" asp-for="DepartmentID" />
            <input type="hidden" asp-for="RowVersion" />
            <div class="form-group">
                <label asp-for="Name" class="control-label"></label>
                <input asp-for="Name" class="form-control" />
                <span asp-validation-for="Name" class="text-danger"></span>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label asp-for="Budget" class="control-label"></label>
                <input asp-for="Budget" class="form-control" />
                <span asp-validation-for="Budget" class="text-danger"></span>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label asp-for="StartDate" class="control-label"></label>
                <input asp-for="StartDate" class="form-control" />
                <span asp-validation-for="StartDate" class="text-danger"></span>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label asp-for="InstructorID" class="control-label"></label>
                <select asp-for="InstructorID" class="form-control" asp-items="ViewBag.InstructorID">
                    <option value="">-- Select Administrator --</option>
                </select>
                <span asp-validation-for="InstructorID" class="text-danger"></span>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <input type="submit" value="Save" class="btn btn-default" />
            </div>
        </form>
    </div>
</div>

<div>
    <a asp-action="Index">Back to List</a>
</div>

@section Scripts {
    @{await Html.RenderPartialAsync("_ValidationScriptsPartial");}
}

public async Task<IActionResult> Delete(int? id, bool? concurrencyError)
{
    if (id == null)
    {
        return NotFound();
    }

    var department = await _context.Departments
        .Include(d => d.Administrator)
        .AsNoTracking()
        .FirstOrDefaultAsync(m => m.DepartmentID == id);
    if (department == null)
    {
        if (concurrencyError.GetValueOrDefault())
        {
            return RedirectToAction(nameof(Index));
        }
        return NotFound();
    }

    if (concurrencyError.GetValueOrDefault())
    {
        ViewData["ConcurrencyErrorMessage"] = "The record you attempted to delete "
            + "was modified by another user after you got the original values. "
            + "The delete operation was canceled and the current values in the "
            + "database have been displayed. If you still want to delete this "
            + "record, click the Delete button again. Otherwise "
            + "click the Back to List hyperlink.";
    }

    return View(department);
}

[HttpPost]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<IActionResult> Delete(Department department)
{
    try
    {
        if (await _context.Departments.AnyAsync(m => m.DepartmentID == department.DepartmentID))
        {
            _context.Departments.Remove(department);
            await _context.SaveChangesAsync();
        }
        return RedirectToAction(nameof(Index));
    }
    catch (DbUpdateConcurrencyException /* ex */)
    {
        //Log the error (uncomment ex variable name and write a log.)
        return RedirectToAction(nameof(Delete), new { concurrencyError = true, id = department.DepartmentID });
    }
}

@model ContosoUniversity.Models.Department

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Delete";
}

<h2>Delete</h2>

<p class="text-danger">@ViewData["ConcurrencyErrorMessage"]</p>

<h3>Are you sure you want to delete this?</h3>
<div>
    <h4>Department</h4>
    <hr />
    <dl class="row">
        <dt class="col-sm-2">
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Name)
        </dt>
        <dd class="col-sm-10">
            @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Name)
        </dd>
        <dt class="col-sm-2">
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Budget)
        </dt>
        <dd class="col-sm-10">
            @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Budget)
        </dd>
        <dt class="col-sm-2">
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.StartDate)
        </dt>
        <dd class="col-sm-10">
            @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.StartDate)
        </dd>
        <dt class="col-sm-2">
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Administrator)
        </dt>
        <dd class="col-sm-10">
            @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Administrator.FullName)
        </dd>
    </dl>
    
    <form asp-action="Delete">
        <input type="hidden" asp-for="DepartmentID" />
        <input type="hidden" asp-for="RowVersion" />
        <div class="form-actions no-color">
            <input type="submit" value="Delete" class="btn btn-default" /> |
            <a asp-action="Index">Back to List</a>
        </div>
    </form>
</div>

@model ContosoUniversity.Models.Department

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Details";
}

<h2>Details</h2>

<div>
    <h4>Department</h4>
    <hr />
    <dl class="row">
        <dt class="col-sm-2">
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Name)
        </dt>
        <dd class="col-sm-10">
            @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Name)
        </dd>
        <dt class="col-sm-2">
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Budget)
        </dt>
        <dd class="col-sm-10">
            @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Budget)
        </dd>
        <dt class="col-sm-2">
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.StartDate)
        </dt>
        <dd class="col-sm-10">
            @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.StartDate)
        </dd>
        <dt class="col-sm-2">
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Administrator)
        </dt>
        <dd class="col-sm-10">
            @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Administrator.FullName)
        </dd>
    </dl>
</div>
<div>
    <a asp-action="Edit" asp-route-id="@Model.DepartmentID">Edit</a> |
    <a asp-action="Index">Back to List</a>
</div>

@model ContosoUniversity.Models.Department

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Create";
}

<h2>Create</h2>

<h4>Department</h4>
<hr />
<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">
        <form asp-action="Create">
            <div asp-validation-summary="ModelOnly" class="text-danger"></div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label asp-for="Name" class="control-label"></label>
                <input asp-for="Name" class="form-control" />
                <span asp-validation-for="Name" class="text-danger"></span>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label asp-for="Budget" class="control-label"></label>
                <input asp-for="Budget" class="form-control" />
                <span asp-validation-for="Budget" class="text-danger"></span>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label asp-for="StartDate" class="control-label"></label>
                <input asp-for="StartDate" class="form-control" />
                <span asp-validation-for="StartDate" class="text-danger"></span>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label asp-for="InstructorID" class="control-label"></label>
                <select asp-for="InstructorID" class="form-control" asp-items="ViewBag.InstructorID">
                    <option value="">-- Select Administrator --</option>
                </select>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <input type="submit" value="Create" class="btn btn-default" />
            </div>
        </form>
    </div>
</div>

<div>
    <a asp-action="Index">Back to List</a>
</div>

@section Scripts {
    @{await Html.RenderPartialAsync("_ValidationScriptsPartial");}
}